Quick Search:    advanced search

GSW Home   GeoRef Home   My GSW Alerts   Contact GSW   About GSW   Journals List   Help

This Article Abstract Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (6) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by APRIL, R. H. Articles by DRISCOLL, C. T. Search for Related Content GeoRef GeoRef Citation

Smectite in Spodosols from the Adirondack Mountains of New York

¹ Department of Geology, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346, and ² Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA

View larger version (55K): [in a new window]   FIG. 1. Location of sampling sites. Soil samples were collected from pits excavated in Huntington Forest (diamond), Whiteface Mountain (square), and from the following lake watersheds in the Big Moose Lake area (triangles): Dart, Cascade, Rondaxe, Moss, Lower Sisters, Constable, Woods and Panther.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   FIG. 2. Powder XRD patterns of the <2 µm fraction (Mg-saturated, glycerol solvated) from Adirondack composite O+A horizons from the Big Moose Lake area showing the presence of smectite. (a) Count range set at 250 cps. (b) Count range set at 1000 cps. Peak positions are labelled in Å. Cu-K radiation.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   FIG. 3. Powder XRD patterns of the <2 µm fraction (Mg-saturated, glycerol solvated) from a soil profile collected at Huntington Forest depicting the transformation of vermiculite to smectite toward the top of the profile. Peak positions are labelled in Å; horizon depths are given in cm. Cu-K radiation.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   FIG. 4. Powder XRD patterns of the <2 µm fraction (ethylene glycolated) from horizons of the same Huntington Forest soil profile shown in Fig. 3. Low-charge vermiculite in the Bhs-horizon expanded to 16.5 Å with ethylene-glycol solvation, but showed little or no swelling following Mg-saturation and glycerol solvation (see Fig. 3). Smectite in the E-horizon also expanded to 16.5 Å. Peak positions are given in Å. Cu-K radiation.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   FIG. 5. Powder XRD patterns of the <2 µm fraction from the C horizon collected in Huntington Forest. The clay assemblage includes hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) + kaolinite + (minor) mica. Some quartz, feldspar and hornblende are also present. Peak positions are given in Å. Cu-K radiation.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   FIG. 6. Mean concentrations of monomeric Al fractions (organic and inorganic), pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved Si in Oa and Bs horizon leachates from three study sites in the Adirondack region of New York.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   FIG. 7. Representative powder XRD patterns of the <2 µm fraction (ethylene glycolated) from Adirondack Spodosols collected in the Big Moose Lake area showing the presence of both high (V)- and low (VL)-charge vermiculite in upper soil horizons: RL = Rondaxe L. watershed Bhs horizon, 31 cm depth; ML = Moss L. watershed E horizon, 29 cm depth; CA1 = Cascade L. watershed Bhs horizon, 29 cm depth; CO = Constable L. watershed Bhs horizon, 15 cm depth; DL = Dart L. watershed Bhs horizon, 14 cm depth; CA2 = Cascade L. watershed E horizon, 25 cm depth. Cu-K.radiation.

View larger version (151K): [in a new window]   FIG. 8. SEM image of a weathered biotite grain from a soil profile in Huntington Forest. Spot analyses show the concentration of K2O in wt.% at various locations on the grain. The centre of the grain contains the highest K2O%, whereas the edges are depleted. MgO concentrations increase towards the rim.