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Mineralogy, chemical characteristics and stabilities of Cetylpyridinium-exchanged smectite

¹ Geology and Geoinformation Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 305-350, Korea, and ² Research Center for Deep Geological Environments, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan

^* E-mail: kohsm{at}rock25t.kigam.re.kr

(Received 2 September 2004; revised 1 November 2004)

CP (Cetylpyridinium)-exchanged smectite was manufactured by the cationic exchange reaction of Na-smectite with CP. The adsorption behaviour shows a typical L-type isotherm representing continuous and stable adsorption in excess of twice the cation exchange capacity of CP. CP-smectite shows a strong interlayer (d₀₀₁) expansion to 40.2 Å when an amount of CP equivalent to 140% of the CEC is exchanged into smectite. CP-smectite is characterized by strong alkalinity (pH 9.3), low swelling (4.5 ml/2 g), low viscosity (3.9 mPa s), and strong and fast flocculation. These characteristics are in striking contrast to Na-smectite except for the alkalinity. CP-smectite shows no signs of desorption of the organic species under varying pH conditions (pH 2–12). Desorption is slight even when washed three times with DH₂O (distilled water). Pyrolysis of CP-smectite begins at 250°C and ends at 400°C. These stable and persistent characteristics and the relatively low price of CP point to the likely increased use of CP-smectite as an organoclay.

KEYWORDS: Cetylpyridinium (CP), smectite, interlayer expansion, stability, pyrolysis, industrial use

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