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Clay Minerals; December 2003; v. 38; no. 4; p. 445-458; DOI: 10.1180/0009855033840108
© 2003 Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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Research Paper

Characterization of the expandable clays formed from kaolinite at 200°C

M. BENTABOL1, M. D. RUIZ CRUZ1, F. J. HUERTAS2 and J. LINARES2

1 Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, and 2 Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain

* E-mail: mdruiz{at}uma.es

(Received 17 February 2003; revised 15 May 2003)

The hydrothermal reaction of kaolinite in the system Na2O-K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HCl, at near-neutral pH conditions, has been investigated at 200°C, for times from 12 h to 180 days. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of the solid products indicates that the phases formed from 15 days’ reaction time are randomly ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite, dioctahedral on average, with a chlorite:smectite ratio of ~1:2. No structural evolution was observed with increasing reaction time. Investigation by transmission electron microscopy revealed, on the contrary, that very thin packets with basal spacing of either 10 Å (smectite) or 14 Å (chlorite) are dominant. In addition, packets with periodicities of 12–13 Å are also observed. Only rarely, randomly to ordered sequences of 10 and 14 Å are observed in the packets. These observations indicate that the mixture of these phases behaves in XRD as randomly ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite. Chemical analysis of the solutions suggests that the neo-formed phases are metastable and would evolve, at longer reaction times, toward ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite or to clinochlore.

KEYWORDS: hydrothermal synthesis, chlorite, kaolinite, illite, mixed-layer minerals, smectite, vermiculite




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M. BENTABOL, M. D. RUIZ CRUZ, F. J. HUERTAS, and J. LINARES
Hydrothermal transformations of kaolinite at 200 and 250{degrees}C in the systems Li2O-Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HCl and Li2O-K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HCl
Clay Minerals, September 1, 2004; 39(3): 281 - 299.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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