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1 Géologie et Gestion des Ressources Minérales et Energétiques (G2R), UMR 7566 CNRS-CREGU-INPL-UHP, Université Henri Poincaré, BP 239, 54506 Vand
uvre-lès-Nancy, 2 Laboratoire Environnement et Minéralurgie (LEM), UMR 7569 CNRS-INPL, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Géologie, BP 40, 54501 Vanduvre-lès-Nancy, 3 Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564 CNRS-UHP, Université Henri Poincaré, 405 rue de Vanduvre, 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, 4 Centre de Recherche sur les Mécanismes de Croissance Cristalline CRMC2-CNRS, Campus Luminy, case 913, 13288 Marseille, and 5 Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs (ANDRA), Direction Scientifique/Service Matériaux, Parc de la Croix Blanche, 1/7 rue Jean Monnet, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France
* E-mail: damien.guillaume{at}gr2.uhp-nancy.fr
(Received 28 January 2002; revised 7 November 2002)
The alteration and transformation behaviour of montmorillonite (bentonite from Wyoming, MX-80) in low-salinity solutions (NaCl, CaCl2) in the presence of metallic Fe (powder and 8x4x1 mm plate) and magnetite powder was studied in batch experiments at 300°C to simulate the mineralogical and chemical reactions of clays in contact with steel in a nuclear waste repository. The evolutions of pH and solution concentrations were measured over a period of 9 months. The mineralogical and chemical evolution of the clays was studied by XRD, SEM, Transmission Mössbauer Spectroscopy and TEM (EDS, HR imaging and EELS). Dissolution of the dioctahedral smectite of the starting bentonite was observed, in favour of newly formed clays (chlorite and saponite), quartz, feldspars and zeolite. The formation of Fe-chlorite was triggered by contact with the metallic Fe plate and Fe-Mg-chlorite at distance from the Fe plate (>2 mm).
KEYWORDS: bentonite, smectite, Fe, magnetite, chlorite, saponite, experimental synthesis, EELS-TEM, EDS-TEM, HRTEM imaging, Mössbauer spectroscopy
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