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Novel nuclear magnetic resonance techniques for the study of quadrupolar nuclei in clays and other layered materials

¹ Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, and ² Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie (CNRS UMR 6506), ENSICAEN, 14050 Caen, France

^* E-mail: rocha{at}dq.ua.pt

(Received 8 July 2003; revised 28 July 2003)

The main developments taking place in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) of quadrupolar (spin I > 1/2) nuclei with half integer spins in solids, particularly clays and other layered materials, have been reviewed. The advent of Multiple-Quantum (MQ) Magic-Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy has been a step-change development to the studies of quadrupolar nuclei in solids. It is now possible to record high-resolution spectra of important nuclei, such as ¹¹B, ¹⁷O, ²³Na, ²⁷Al and ^69,71Ga, in synthetic and natural clays. Since its introduction in 1995 MQMAS NMR has evolved considerably and, at present, a range of very useful related techniques are available and have been reviewed, as has the current situation with regard to applications to clays and other layered materials.

KEYWORDS: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, quadrupolar nuclei, clay, radio-frequency radiation, STMAS, MQMAS

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