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Isotope geochemistry and origin of illite-smectite and kaolinite from the Seilitz and Kemmlitz kaolin deposits, Saxony, Germany

¹ Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany, ² Division de Ciencias de la Terra, CICESE, 22830 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, ³ Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Ernst Moritz Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahnstr. 17a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, and ⁴ Geologisk Institut, Københavens Universitet, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark

^* E-mail: albert.gilg{at}geo.tum.de

(Received 25 March 2002; revised 18 June 2002)

Residual clays that developed on Permian and Carboniferous glass-rich silicic volcanic rocks (pitchstones, ignimbrites) at the Seilitz and Kemmlitz kaolin deposits, Saxony, Eastern Germany, contain locally abundant lath-shaped illite-rich illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals (I-S). Analyses by XRD and TEM-AES reveal a large illite percentage (>~90%) and R3 ordering in I-S from Seilitz (>~90%) and smaller illite percentage (~70%) and R1 ordering in I-S from Kemmlitz. The clays never suffered a deep burial and there is no geological, petrographic or fluid inclusion evidence for aeolian input or hydrothermal origin of I-S at either deposit. The I-S formed exclusively at the expense of volcanic glass and not from K-feldspar. Residual quartz phenocrysts in the clays still preserve primary glassy silicate melt inclusions and lack secondary aqueous fluid inclusion trails. The D and ¹⁸O values of kaolinite and I-S are suggestive of low formation temperatures (<40°C). Rb-Sr and K-Ar dating of I-S-bearing clay separates yield Lower Cretaceous ages at Seilitz and indicates the presence of excess or inherited ⁴⁰Ar in illite-rich I-S. In contrast, Triassic to Jurassic Rb-Sr ages are obtained for I-S from the Kemmlitz kaolin deposit.

KEYWORDS: illite-smectite, kaolinite, oxygen isotopes, hydrogen isotope, Rb-Sr, K-Ar, Mesozoic, kaolin deposits, TEM, Saxony, Seilitz, Kemmlitz

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