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Clay Minerals; June 2002; v. 37; no. 2; p. 367-376; DOI: 10.1180/0009855023720040
© 2002 Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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A comparative X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopic study of the vermiculites from Béni Bousera, Morocco and Palabora, Republic of South Africa

R. BADREDDINE1, D. VANDORMAEL2, A.-M. FRANSOLET1, G. J. LONG3, W. E. E. STONE4 and F. GRANDJEAN2,*

1 Laboratory of Mineralogy, University of Liège, B18, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium, 2 Institute of Physics, University of Liège, B5, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium, 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409-0010, USA, and 4 Section de Physico-Chimie Minérale, Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Campus de la Plaine, ULB, CP232, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium

* E-mail: fgrandjean{at}ulg.ac.be

(Received 5 March 2001; revised 29 October 2001)

Five vermiculite samples collected from Béni Bousera, Morocco and four from Palabora, South Africa were investigated by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The X-ray diffraction studies indicate that all vermiculites have very similar crystallographic parameters. The chemical analyses and the NMR spectra indicate that the Béni Bousera vermiculites contain Al3+ cations in both octahedral and tetrahedral sheets and the Palabora vermiculites contain Al3+ in the tetrahedral sheet. The Mössbauer spectra indicate that the Béni Bousera vermiculites contain more Fe2+ cations than the Palabora vermiculites and do not contain tetrahedral Fe3+ cations. The different cation compositions and distribution in the two sets of vermiculites may result from different parent minerals, i.e. chlorite in the case of Béni Bousera and phlogopite in the case of Palabora, and different genetic processes, i.e. weathering in Béni Bousera and hydrothermal alteration in Palabora.

KEYWORDS: Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, NMR, 27Al, vermiculite






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