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1 UMR 6532 CNRS, HydrASA, Faculté des Sciences, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France, 2 Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia, 3 Unité de Science du Sol, INRA, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France, and 4 Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Mineralogie und Geochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
* E-mail: Sabine.Petit{at}hydrasa.univ-poitiers.fr
(Received 9 March 2001; revised 1 October 2001)
An Fe-rich smectite from Ölberg (Germany) was characterized using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and analytical electron microscopy. Progressive reduction of the octahedral charge was performed through the Hofmann & Klemen effect at increasing temperatures. The sample was heterogeneous, consisting of two smectite populations. One population, which comprises a minor portion of the sample, is an ‘Fe3+-montmorillonite’ with little or no tetrahedral charge and Fe3+ as the major octahedral cation. The other population, a major constituent of the sample, contains less Mg and more Al than the first one and exhibits some tetrahedral charge. This fraction may be considered as an inter-grade between nontronite (dominant tetrahedral charge) and Fe3+-montmorillonite (dominant octahedral charge). These two populations may occur as separate particles but also as interstratified layers.
KEYWORDS: Fe-montmorillonite, crystal chemistry, charge distribution, Ölberg, Germany, clay mineral, XRD, FTIR, AEM
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