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The nature and origin of non-marine 10 Å clay from the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of the Isle of Wight (Hampshire Basin), UK

¹ School of Earth Sciences, University of Greenwich, Grenville Building, Central Parade, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4AW, UK, ² Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, and ³ Centre de Géochimie de la Surface (EOST, CNRS-ULP), 1 rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France

^* E-mail: jmhuggett{at}aol.com

(Received 29 November 1999; revised 11 April 2001)

Variegated palaeosols, which formed from weathering of clays, silts and brackish to freshwater limestones, are present in the Late Eocene–Early Oligocene Solent Group of the Hampshire Basin, southern UK. The composition and origin of the clay in three segments of the lower part of the Solent Group have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, microprobe analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mas spectrometry, K/Ar dating, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, analytical transmission electron microscopy and wet chemistry. The detrital clay mineral suite is dominated by illite and smectite with minor kaolinite and chlorite. Seasonal wetting and drying in gley soils has resulted in replacement of smectite by Fe-rich, or illite-rich illite-smectite. Illite has also formed with gypsum and calcite in ephemeral hypersaline alkaline lakes that periodically dried out. This illite may have precipitated directly from solution. X-ray diffraction data and probe analyses indicate that the neoformed illite is Fe-rich. The K and Fe for the illitization are thought to be derived from weathered glauconite reworked from the underlying Bracklesham Group and Barton Beds.

KEYWORDS: non-marine clay, illite, smectite, XRD, EPMA, ICP-MS, SEM, TEM, K-Ar dating, Isle of Wight, UK

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