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Weathering of smectite and illite-smectite under temperate climatic conditions

V. UCHA^1,*, J. RODO², N. CLAUER³, F. ELSASS⁴, D. D. EBERL⁵, I. KRAUS¹ and J. MADEJOVÁ⁶

¹ Department of Geology of Mineral Deposits, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia, ² Institute of Geological Sciences, PAN, Senacka 1, 31-002 Kraków, Poland, ³ Centre de Géochimie de la Surface (CNRS-ULP), 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg, France, ⁴ Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Science du Sol, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France, ⁵ United States Geological Survey, Marine St, Boulder, Colorado 80225, USA, and ⁶ Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská 9, Bratislava, Slovakia

^* E-mail: sucha{at}fns.uniba.sk

(Received 20 February 2000; revised 3 November 2000)

Weathering profiles developed on the top surface of a bentonite (containing Al-Mg montmorillonite) and a K-bentonite (containing mixed-layer illite-smectite (I-S)) under Central European temperate conditions were studied by XRD, HRTEM, FTIR, K-Ar and chemical analyses. Weathering of montmorillonite results in the decrease of cation exchange capacity (CEC), total surface area and Mg content. The process is interpreted as montmorillonite dissolution and precipitation of amorphous SiO₂. Weathering of I-S produces an increase in CEC and total surface area. The XRD data suggest dissolution of I-S and appearance of smectite as a separate phase at intermediate depths. The fixation of ammonium is documented in the topmost sample. In both profiles, abundant aeolian contaminants, including mica, were identified and their migration was traced using K-Ar dating.

KEYWORDS: detrital mica, dissolution, illite-smectite, K/Ar dates, smectite, weathering

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