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An experimental alteration of montmorillonite to a di + trioctahedral smectite assemblage at 100 and 200°C

¹ UMR 6532 CNRS HydrASA, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, ² LMTG - UMR 5563 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 38 rue des 36 Ponts, 31400 Toulouse Cedex, and ³ Elf EP, DTIS/SED, 64018 Pau Cedex, France

^* E-mail: daniel.beaufort{at}hydrasa.univ-poitiers.fr

(Received 30 November 1999; revised 20 October 2000)

Hydrothermal experiments were performed at 100 and 200°C and at different clay:water ratios in order to investigate the transformation of smectitic layers during the alteration of a montmorillonitic starting material. This study focused on three phenomena: (1) the amount and localization of charge within the layer of the newly-formed dioctahedral smectite; (2) the stacking of low- and high-charge layers in the dioctahedral smectitic material; and (3) the neoformation of trioctahedral smectites.

In all of the runs, the formation of beidellite from montmorillonite induced morphological changes in clay particles which suggests a reaction proceeding by a dissolution-crystallization mechanism. Illite layers were detected in K-saturated montmorillonite runs after the transformation of ~50% of the starting montmorillonite into beidellite (i.e. after 5 months of reaction with distilled water at 200°C). These illite layers were interstratified with both high-charge and low-charge dioctahedral smectites in a hypothetical three-component mixed-layer mineral.

KEYWORDS: montmorillonite, beidellite, illite-smectite, experimental illitization

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