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Clay Minerals; March 2001; v. 36; no. 1; p. 29-47
© 2001 Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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Research Paper

Diagenesis of trioctahedral clays in a Miocene to Pleistocene sedimentary-magmatic sequence in the Dead Sea Rift, Israel

A. SANDLER*, Y. NATHAN, Y. ESHET and M. RAAB

Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Yisrael St., Jerusalem 95501, Israel

* E-mail: sandler{at}mail.gsi.gov.il

(Received 18 May 2000; revised 10 August 2000)

The diagenetic evolution of clay minerals in a 4249 m sedimentary-magmatic sequence of the Zemah-1 drillhole in the Dead Sea Rift, Israel, was studied, mainly by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The parallel maturation of the organic matter was estimated by the thermal alteration index (TAI) method. Both parameters follow a progressive diagenesis with depth. The original clays, now encountered only at shallow depths, were dioctahedral, and mostly detrital. They transformed into Mg-rich trioctahedral clays starting with a saponite-dominated assemblage, followed by a saponite, ordered chlorite-smectite (C-S), and chlorite assemblage, and finally by a saponite, corrensite, chlorite and talc assemblage. Significant mineralogical composition gaps occur between saponite to corrensite and corrensite to chlorite. Short-range variations within the most evolved assemblage are controlled by bulk-rock composition. Depths of first occurrence and disappearance of minerals indicate a much higher geothermal gradient in the past whereas the TAI values suggest an even higher palaeogradient of ~70°C km–1.

KEYWORDS: trioctahedral clays, corrensite, diagenesis, thermal alteration index, Dead Sea Rift




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