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Clay Minerals; April 2000; v. 35; no. 2; p. 393-410
© 2000 Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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Research Paper

Distribution and origin of clay minerals in the Lower Cretaceous of the Alava Block (Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Spain)

F. J. SANGÜESA1, J. AROSTEGUI1,* and I. SUAREZ-RUIZ2

1 Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, 2 Instituto Nacional del Carbón (C.S.I.C.), Apdo. 73, 33080 Oviedo, Spain

* E-mail: nppargaj{at}lg.ehu.es

(Received 2 December 1998; revised 16 July 1999)

Lower Cretaceous clay minerals suites of the Alava Block, analysed by XRD, are dominated either by illite or kaolinite. These assemblages are mainly inherited in origin, although textural evidence (SEM) indicates some diagenetic clay. Precipitation of blocky kaolinite took place in sandstones from the southern domain of the Block, characterized by low sedimentation and subsidence rates and by low vitrinite reflectance values (%Rr <0.8). In the northern domain, where sedimentation and subsidence rates were high (%Rr >3.3), illitization of kaolinite and smectitic clays and precipitation of authigenic chlorite occurred. Some chemical aspects of these reactions are discussed.

KEYWORDS: illite, kaolinite, authigenic clay, Alava Block, Basque Cantabrian Basin




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