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Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Lehrstuhl fuer Angewandte Mineralogie und Geochemie, Munich, Switzerland
Five Fe-bearing dioctahedral smectites (three nontronites and two Fe-rich smectites) were purified using a variety of physical and chemical procedures. The structural formulae indicate one nontronite and one Fe-rich smectite to be montmorillonitic, whereas the other three smectites are beidellitic. Mossbauer spectra showed Fe to be exclusively trivalent and were fitted with three doublets, two of which had quadrupole splittings characteristic of Fe (super 3+) in octahedral coordination, whereas the third had a distinctly lower quadrupole splitting. Although the position of the Si-O stretching band in the infrared spectra could reflect tetrahedral Fe (super 3+) , the lack of distinctive features prevented a definitive attribution of this component to tetrahedral Fe (super 3+) . The 18 O/ 16 O data suggest that fractionation of nontronite-water at ambient temperatures (1000 lnalpha = 23+ or -2 per mil) is lower than that of Fe-rich smectite (1000 lnalpha = 27+ or -2 per mil). The estimated formation temperatures of the samples are below 70 degrees C.
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