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Clay Minerals; September 1998; v. 33; no. 3; p. 373-393
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Diagenesis-very low-grade metamorphism of clastic Cambrian and Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the Iberian Range (Spain)

B. Bauluz, C. Fernandez Nieto, and J. M. Gonzalez Lopez

Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento Ciencias de la Tierra, Saragossa, Spain

Cambrian and Ordovician pelites and greywakes from the Iberian Range were studied using XRD, EMPA and AEM/TEM techniques. Illite and chlorite are the main phases in Cambrian <2 mu m fractions. Illites show crystallinities (IC) from 0.28 to 0.23 degrees 2theta ; the 2M 1 is almost the only polytype; they do not have expandable layers, and they are heterogeneous in composition. Chlorites show two compositional types, both containing variable proportions of smectite-like layers. Clinochlores growing over bedding surfaces are also present. An evolutionary trend from anchizone to near the anchizone-epizone limit has been proposed for Cambrian samples. In the Ordovician <2 mu m fractions, illites are associated with minor chlorites and kaolinites. The ICs range from 0.68-0.28 degrees 2theta ; the 2M 1 polytype dominates over 1M, and it is associated with illite-smectite mixed-layering (R3 ordering). An evolutionary trend from diagenesis to low grade anchizone has been inferred. Chemical analyses of coarser detrital micas indicate muscovite and phengite compositions. The compositional heterogeneity exhibited by authigenic and detrital phases suggests the chemical equilibrium was not attained.

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